Using cash not only affects consumer spending habits but also supports a deep psychological sense of ownership - something rarely experienced with digital transactions, shows a new research exploring how different payment methods influence spending behaviour.
The study, published in Qualitative Market Research in late 2024, reinforce the well-documented advantages of cash, such as its accessibility, resilience, and data privacy.
The study concludes that "when we handle cash, we are not just spending money; we are parting with a piece of ourselves." While digital payments are undoubtedly convenient, the research underscores the vital role cash continues to play in both monetary systems and society.
Cash remains the most inclusive payment method, accessible to everyone, including the elderly, unbanked individuals, and those in rural areas, states the report. With increasing bank closures, access to cash has been under threat.
However, new laws from the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) regulations introduced in September 2024 ensure continued protection and improvement of cash access for businesses and consumers alike.
During natural disasters, power outages, and cyberattacks, cash serves as a crucial fail-safe. Unlike digital payments, which depend on electricity and internet connectivity, cash transactions remain unaffected, ensuring that businesses can continue operating in critical situations, states the report.
As digital transactions grow, so do concerns over data privacy and fraud risks. Cash payments remain anonymous, providing consumers with peace of mind that their financial activities are not being monitored or exploited.
A 2021 white paper study from cash handling specialists Volumatic highlighted strong consumer demand for payment choice, with many preferring a combination of cash and digital methods. A diverse payment ecosystem strengthens economic stability, allowing banks and businesses to mitigate risks associated with system failures and cyber threats.
Mike Severs, Sales & Marketing Director at Volumatic, said: “With the upcoming rise in National Insurance and the National Living Wage rates, coupled with increasing business costs, we understand the challenges businesses face. Investing in cash handling equipment not only boosts efficiency but also improves financial performance - further proving the enduring value of cash.
“With cash usage on the rise and its benefits extending beyond financial considerations to consumer well-being, businesses must adapt to customer preferences.
"Offering a choice between cash and digital payments is key to meeting customer needs and ensuring a resilient, stable economy.”
For retailers concerned about handling and processing cash, innovative solutions from Volumatic offer seamless and secure management. As experts in cash handling technology, Volumatic provides tailored solutions that enhance efficiency while reducing costs.
Volumatic’s all-in-one cash-handling solution, the CounterCache intelligent (CCi), has helped retail businesses cut cash processing costs by up to 75 per cent. Acting as a secure storage device, forgery detector, and cash counter, the CCi - when paired with CashView Enterprise software - delivers real time reporting and full visibility from POS to bank deposit.
For businesses seeking simpler solutions, Volumatic also offers a range of money-counting scales, friction note counters and secure deposit devices - designed to improve efficiency and security while saving valuable time and resources.
The year 2025 is set to be another difficult year for high street retail as rising costs continue to mount, shows the latest industry report, states that the UK is navigating a tough economic climate marked by sluggish growth, stubborn inflation, and weak consumer confidence, creating challenges for both businesses and households.
According to BDO’s latest High Street Sales tracker, total retail sales in discretionary spend categories grew by 7.1 per cent in January.
The growth however came off the back of a very weak set of results in January 2024 (-0.8 per cent) and was largely driven by growth in online sales, which jumped 15.5 per cent compared to the same period the previous year.
Meanwhile, sales in bricks and mortar stores grew by only 3.2 per cent, from a poor base of a 4.2 per cent decline, serving as a stark reminder that high street retail is struggling to recover from the trends experienced in 2024.
BDO noted that results indicate a large drop in volumes over the past two years.
Fashion and homewares retailers faced particularly challenging conditions in January, with sales in-store growing by 3.3 per cent and 3.4 per cent respectively against poor performances last year when sales fell 6.7 per cent and 10.1 per cent.
The report suggested that January’s poor weather may have contributed to mixed footfall on the high street and driven a better result for online sales, but this is also a continuation of the sector’s overall poor performance in 2024 and a disappointing final "Golden Quarter".
Consumer confidence has also taken a knock, dropping to -22 in January 2025, highlighting a general sense of pessimism about the economic outlook.
In summary, the UK is navigating a tough economic climate marked by sluggish growth, stubborn inflation, and weak consumer confidence, creating challenges for both businesses and households, states the report.
“These results may seem positive on the surface, but the underlying numbers show that the weak growth in the run-up to Christmas has continued into the new year,” said Sophie Michael, Head of Retail and Wholesale at BDO.
“While many retailers may have seen a rise in sales through the release of some of the pent-up consumer spending that didn’t come through before Christmas, January trading for discretionary spend requires heavy encouragement through discounting; this delayed spending will no doubt have a significant impact on already thin margins.
“The sector has been challenged for some time by the impact of significant cost increases, which will continue to mount throughout the year, particularly post the implementation of the changes in the budget this April.
"Raising the thresholds for National Insurance contributions will disproportionately affect retailers, who tend to have large workforces with lower average earnings. Add in increases to the National Living Wage, business rates and the Plastic Packaging Tax all coming together and at fast pace, their thin margins will be under even more pressure.
“Retailers need to find a way to balance the increased cost of doing business while investing in product development, customer service and underlying technology, like AI, that will maintain their competitiveness. They need clear visibility on how their costs will increase to identify effective actions to mitigate the impact.
"This includes clarity over how their supply chain costs will rise, with many of the businesses they rely on being subject to some of the same pressures as themselves.
"The sector already saw a high number of job losses in 2024 and retail store closures; with the oncoming cost increases, these numbers are unlikely to ease in 2025.”
New data published this week by LINK, the UK’s cash access and ATM network, showed that consumers withdrew £79.5 billion from cash machines in 2024, a 1.2 per cent reduction compared to 2023.
In total, adults over the age of 16 made 915 million cash withdrawals last year, 60 million (6.1%) fewer than in 2023. This equates to approximately 16 trips to the ATM per person, with an average withdrawal of £86 each time, totalling £1,424 over the year.
ATMs account for 93 per cent of all cash withdrawals in the UK, ahead of cashback and counter transactions at bank branches, post offices, and banking hubs.
Regional differences
Since the pandemic, with more people opting for contactless and digital payments, cash and ATM usage has declined significantly. However, cash remains popular, with regular LINK research showing around 75 per cent of adults using cash at least once a fortnight. While people are visiting ATMs less frequently, they are withdrawing more cash per visit.
The data reveals that every region and nation across the UK saw a fall in total cash withdrawals, with the largest declines in Scotland and London. Interestingly, the North-East of England and Wales experienced small increases in the total value of cash withdrawn.
Northern Ireland remains the most cash-heavy part of the UK, with banking customers withdrawing an average of £2,274 in 2024. The second and third most cash-heavy regions were Yorkshire and the Humber (£1,696) and the North-East (£1,682). Yorkshire was the only region where the average withdrawal increased, rising just over 2 per cent from £1,658. ATM usage was lowest in the South-West, where the average customer withdrew £1,030, closely followed by the South-East (£1,030).
ATM numbers
As cash use continues its long-term decline, the number of ATMs has also fallen. By the end of 2024, there were 5 per cent fewer cash machines compared to the end of 2023 (48,401 vs 46,182). Of these, 37,361 are free-to-use, down from 38,480, and 8,821 are charging ATMs, down from 9,921.
LINK noted that it has multiple financial inclusion programmes in place, as well as a statutory obligation, to ensure everyone has good free access to cash. An unchanged 9 in 10 people still live within 1km of a free cash access point, such as an ATM, post office, or banking hub.
In 2024, the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) introduced new rules to protect access to cash across the UK. These rules include measures requiring LINK to independently assess the needs of a location following the closure of a bank branch. Communities can also request LINK to assess their high street if they believe it lacks appropriate cash services.
To date, LINK has recommended 184 banking hubs and over 100 deposit services to support cash in the community. These are being delivered by Cash Access UK, which opened the 100th banking hub in late 2024.
“Cash usage is falling in line with our own expectations as more people choose to shop online or pay with card. However, cash remains popular for many reasons,” Graham Mott, director of strategy at LINK, said.
“Our own research shows that millions still rely on it because they’re not confident, able, or can afford to use digital payments. For those on low budgets, there’s still no better alternative to managing your finances than using notes and coins. Notwithstanding, as we saw last year during the CrowdStrike IT issues, if and when systems go down, cash is quite often the only option.
“LINK’s job is to protect access to cash, which means that even as cash and ATM use falls, we will continue to ensure that every street is protected. We’re also pleased that we have recommended almost 200 banking hubs, allowing people and businesses that rely on cash to be able to readily access and deposit cash.”
Most Brits visited a retail destination during October and November 2024, shows a recent report, highlighting the resilience of physical retail.
According to the latest Consumer Pulse Report by MRI Software, in partnership with Retail Economics, 88 per cent of the UK population visited a retail destination during October and November 2024 — an increase of 86.1 per cent since May 2024. The report also reports an average of 2.2 visits per person per month.
The latest survey reveals that 31 per cent of office workers play a key role in high street retail, with visits peaking during lunch hours.
33 percent of office workers choose to visit after 5pm on weekdays, particularly Tuesdays and Wednesdays which are popular days to venture into the office.
As return to office becomes more widespread, the retail sector has an opportunity to maximise engagement and sales by leveraging these insights and presenting itself as a convenient shopping option for the hybrid workforce.
The under-35 demographic is increasingly motivated by experiential retail opportunities, such as dining and leisure. In November, this age group averaged 9.5 visits to physical retail destinations — more than double the frequency of those aged 55 and over. The rise of social commerce, which enables shoppers to make purchases within social media apps such as TikTok and Instagram, is likely influencing footfall into physical retail destinations and creating opportunities for in-store experiences.
“The latest findings depict a retail sector that continues to adapt and remain relevant as consumer behaviours shift,” commented Jenni Matthews, Marketing & Insights Director, MRI Software.
“With 88 per cent of the UK population visiting retail destinations and under-35s driving experiential trends, it’s clear that physical retail remains a powerful touchpoint for engagement.
“Retailers have an incredible opportunity to leverage these insights—not just to meet consumer expectations, but to exceed them by creating vibrant, immersive destinations that align with changing consumer behaviours.”
Retail leaders are prepared for a challenging start to 2025 following the Autumn Budget, bringing with it financialpressures and rising costs.
Consumers are already erring on the side of caution, as 51 per cent of shoppers remain concerned about the rising cost of living over the next six months. This figure is down from 60 per cent in May 2024, suggesting a gradual improvement in consumer confidence.
However, affordability remains top of mind, with shoppers prioritising value and cautious spending.
The UK is witnessing a continued resurgence in cash usage, as revealed by a new report from Nationwide Building Society. For the third consecutive year, cash withdrawals have risen, with ATM withdrawals increasing by nearly five per cent over the past year.
In 2024 alone, over 30 million withdrawals were made, totalling £4.34 billion. Since 2021, the number of cash withdrawals has surged by nearly 30 per cent, defying the narrative of digital payment dominance.
The report identifies economic uncertainty and the cost-of-living crisis as significant drivers of this trend. Consumers increasingly turn to cash for budgeting purposes, finding that using physical money helps them manage spending more effectively and maintain financial discipline.
The ongoing cost-of-living crisis has prompted many consumers and businesses to reevaluate their payment habits. For many, cash remains a trusted, resilient, and private method of payment. Businesses that have shifted to cashless models may be losing customers who prefer the option to pay with cash, underscoring the need for payment flexibility in a challenging economic climate.
“The recent figures show consecutive annual increases since the pandemic. With cash usage continuing to grow year on year, it’s evident that cash is no longer in decline,” said Mike Severs, Sales & Marketing Director at Volumatic, leaders in cash handling solutions. “Businesses must adapt to this trend by maintaining the option to accept cash and promoting it to customers. Investing in cash handling technology can streamline operations, improve efficiency, and reduce costs.”
Severs also highlighted the risks businesses face when going cashless. He adds: “Those who have moved to card-only payments should reconsider, as they risk losing customers and revenue. We have seen many retailers and quick-service restaurants reintroducing cash payments with significant success, boosting profits and enhancing customer satisfaction.”
As businesses adapt to the rise in cash usage, intelligent cash handling solutions can transform operations. Volumatic’s products, trusted globally by leading brands such as Tesco, McDonald’s, and Odeon, offer efficiency, security, and accuracy.
The CounterCache intelligent (CCi) provides award-winning note validation, secure storage, and accurate note counting at the point of sale. Paired with the CashView Enterprise software, businesses gain comprehensive reporting and visibility from POS to bank.
The CountEasy cash counting scales enable businesses to count a till drawer in under a minute, while the secure CounterCache storage devices and FC300 friction note counter are ideal for handling large cash volumes safely and efficiently.
With cash usage on the rise, businesses are encouraged to align with customer preferences and explore advanced cash handling solutions. By doing so, they can reduce operational costs, enhance security, and capitalise on the growing demand for cash payments – a smart investment in today’s economic environment.
On the same day Chancellor Rachel Reeves announced plans to kickstart the UK’s floundering economy, the Scottish Licensed Trade Association (SLTA) revealed in its latest Market Insight Report that 80 per cent of survey respondents expect the Scottish economy to decline – with six per cent considering closing their premises.
The SLTA's report gives a snapshot survey of the challenges faced by Scotland’s pubs, bars and hospitality venues in the year 2024, with a deep dive into the festive trading period, and the expectations of the sector in 2025.
It reveals that the Scottish licensed hospitality industry ventures into 2025 with concerns over continued pressure from rising costs, staff availability, changes to employers’ national insurance contributions, and low economic confidence.
The survey’s responses represent over 400 pubs, bars, restaurants and hotels, covering the full spectrum of licensed hospitality businesses throughout the country, and contain key insights into the continued challenges facing hospitality, driven by a challenging economic environment and visitors with less disposable income.
“Christmas and New Year was a difficult period for our industry with a universal theme of visitors spending less time in outlets and spending less on food and drink. We did see an upturn in lower-strength products, but this was offset by customers having ‘one course instead of two," said Colin Wilkinson, SLTA managing director.
“Over the course of the calendar year, 49 per cent of outlets were down year on year, but over the festive period this increased to a worrying 69 per cent of outlets reporting a decline.’’
Mr Wilkinson added: ‘‘We also continue to face rising costs and staff shortages – 38 per cent of outlets told us that staff availability is impacting upon opening hours, up from 23 per cent in the summer. We are also seeing increased costs from suppliers and government increases in taxes.
“Regarding the pending changes to NI contributions, 75 per cent of outlets expect new employers’ NI costs to impact on their staffing levels. This will make it even more difficult for businesses to open their full operating hours, remain competitive and get more people into our venues.
“We are also facing the harsh reality that six per cent of respondents are seriously considering closure.”
The SLTA has been conducting Market Insight Surveys for nearly 10 years with the analysis based on quantitative research from outlets covering the length and breadth of the country. This survey is supported by major food and drink chains, and independent pubs, bars and hotels, across Scotland’s licensed hospitality sector.
Commenting on staff availability and how the government can support the sector, Mr Wilkinson added: “One proposal that the SLTA supports is the introduction of a Scottish hospitality workers’ visa, which could help to alleviate staff shortages.
“The hospitality industry fulfils a critical role in Scotland’s food, drink and tourism industry, and we are keen to work with government to explore opportunities to protect jobs in this vital sector and help businesses to work to their full potential.”