A silent practice is currently stalking the UK food and grocery sector, breaking the back of oblivious shoppers who are already struggling with higher energy bills and rising prices. The only thing about this practice is that it comes stealthily and goes unnoticed.
“Shrinkflation” or downsizing is a decades-old strategy, deployed most-often by food manufacturers and producers of consumer staples. As the global ramp-up in economic activity post-pandemic drives up food prices and transportation costs, reports of shrinkflation are on the rise, once again.
Prices of furniture, household necessities, electronics, and nearly all other consumer goods are set to rise this year in a perfect storm of shipping delays, supply chain disruptions and shifts in demand. Some companies, like Procter & Gamble, Nestle and most recently, Unilever, have warned upfront of an impending price rise in the coming months.
Fixing the leaks
When it comes to tackling rising input costs, most companies usually have three options. One, raising the price, knowing consumers will see it and grumble about it. Two, giving them a little bit less and accomplishing the same thing (watch out for how certain brands of coffee charge the same now for 200g instead of 227g). Three: value substitution, meaning the use of cheaper and inferior ingredients – a riskier move, especially in the food segment.
In 2018, a new tax on sugar led to shrinkage of Coca-Cola bottles, but shoppers accepted it anyhow in comparison to rival drinks manufacturer IrnBru that went the reformulation route and instead added an artificial sweetener, suffering a backlash against the decision.
But increasing the price brings its own set of shortcomings. If the price goes above a certain threshold – sometimes even a very small change– the change is noticed and consumers move to cheaper brands.
It is reducing the size of the offering while keeping the same price that seems the safest option.
Shrinkflation is the phenomenon of products being shrunk in size due to a price spike in resources. As prices inflate, many manufacturers often choose to downsize packaging and portion sizes while keeping the price and look of the packaging the same so that shoppers don’t notice any change.
After all, shoppers are more conscious of changes in prices than changes in weight.
It’s actually pretty sneaky when you think about it!
Like, in the case of crisp multipacks by various brands. One producer’s previous multipacks contained six salt and vinegar, six cheese and onion, six ready salted and six prawn cocktails but this has now been changed while the price remains the same, with the shoppers now charged £3.50 for 22 bags instead of 24, as per reports.
Examples abound of snacks of six packs being cut from eight but while still costing £1. Many manufacturers are left to tackle rising costs to resort to this strategy. Else they will lose customers.
Representative iStock image
The key to the curious case of shrinkflation lies not only in the rise in cost but also in certain peculiarities of human perception and some unsettling trends in business. Last Christmas, Cadbury reportedly shrank the size of its selection box Fudge bars by 12 per cent to help “tackle childhood obesity”, saying the product was “typically bought for children”. However, the brand soon was accused of indulging in shrinkflation under the garb of social consciousness as it did not reduce the price to match the reduced size.
When Kraft slashed the weight of Toblerone from 200g to175g a few years ago by changing their distinctive row of chocolate mountain peaks and making the gap wider, media and the public hit the roof. The bar was reverted to its original shape a few months later, but with a higher price.
Toilet paper companies often shred down the number of sheets per roll subtly, saying paper is supposedly now “so fluffy” that it couldn't fit in people's toilet paper holders without a reduction in length, consumer rights lawyer Edgar Dworsky told the BBC. His claim resonated with a revelation by consumer watchdog Which? that some brands of toilet paper have lost up to 14 per cent of the number of sheets per roll over two years, without any corresponding drop in price.
Nothing New Here
Shrinkflation isn't new. It has a long history that has led to smaller toilet paper rolls, candy bars and potato chip bags over the years.
According to the UK’s Office of National Statistics, more than 200 different consumer products from toilet roll to chocolate became smaller between September 2015 and June 2017.
Breads and cereals were the most likely to shrink over time, followed by personal care products and meat, as per the pattern seen in ONS data, which cited several high-profile examples, including Mars shrinking its Maltesers, M&Ms and Minstrels chocolates by up to 15 per cent while McVitie’s cut the number of Jaffa Cakes in a packet from 12 to 10.
Tropicana reportedly had also cut the size of its fruit juice cartons while Doritos shrank the weight of the tortilla chips in each packet –and both cited foreign exchange rates among the reasons.
Cereal boxes and crisp packs of same size as before, but only emerging half full over the years are not an unusual sight.
Shrinkflation 2021
With food prices touching sky high figures worldwide, financial experts opine that manufacturers once again are trying to protect their margins as they face rising input and transportation costs tied to the economic recovery post Brexit and pandemic.
Food prices worldwide were nearly 34 per cent higher in June this year compared to the same month in 2020, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).
The cost of moving products has been soaring as well due to a combination of higher fuel prices and supply-chain backlogs. The cost of shipping a 40-foot container across the world has more than quadrupled since July last year, according to one UK shipping consulting firm.
The issue is biting Americans as well since their cereal boxes have reduced and ice creams have gone missing from their tubs as companies are offloading some of the higher costs onto clients and consumers.
Grocery prices in the UK rose by 1.7 per cent during the past four weeks compared to 2020, leaving the average shopper paying an extra £5.94, according to data from market insights firm Kantar.
Representative iStock image
Manufacturers are coping the rising cost in their own ways – some via higher prices and some stealthily by trimming product sizes.
The boss of Nestlé – which owns brands including KitKat and Nescafé, as well as pet foods Felix and Purina, recently admitted that the firm may have to cut the sizes of some of its products to help the business cope with increasing costs.
Unilever has also alluded to shrinkflation among cost-management tools when its CEO Alan Jope was reported to have revealed “smaller fill for the same price” as one of the five revenue-management tools to “land price”.
Convenience store owners also confirm the packs are shrinking at a high speed.
A few years ago, Terry’s Chocolate Orange reduced in size from 175gto 157g, reports said. Mars Bars aren’t quite what they used to be: originally 62.5 grams, the well-loved confectionery star has now shrunk to 51g after an interim period of weighing in at 57g – with Mars hopefully claiming it will also help to shrink the waistlines of consumers.
The Quality Street “tin” pack (now plastic) has reduced to almost half to 650g from 1200g it used to be back in 1998. Snack sharing bags are often sharing 20g lighter. Toilet tissues are almost 21 sheets fewer per roll over the years, as per reports.
In the age of social media, downsizing gets highlighted on Twitter and Reddit as well. Like, a UK-based Twitter user pointed out recently that medium milk bottles are supposed to be 2 pints but now some of the brands are downsizing them to 1 litre but still charging the same amount.
While these changes sometimes get noticed and irks consumers (a study earlier this year claims that nine in 10 Brits are furious over this tactic), the practice has its own upside as well.
Shrinkflation creates a scenario where firms as well as retailers gain since price competition gets reduced.
Representative iStock image
While high demand consumers end up buying more packs ensuring more footfalls and more sales for retailers, for low demand consumers, the amount in shrunk packs usually matches their actual need.
Plus, it is a good practice for health freaks as they automatically brings in portion control, especially with people who can’t control intake of indulgent goods like cookies or ice creams. So, the manufacturer here helps to control it by giving smaller packages. Seems like a win-win situation if you see it this way!
As Yael Zemack-Rugar, Associate Professor of Marketing at University of Central Florida, pointed out in a podcast recently, smaller packages are in a way “good things, a service to consumers”.
“There are no 100-calorie packs for carrots, but there are usually for Oreos. And why, because we know we can’t control our own consumption of these indulgent goods, cookies, ice cream. So, the manufacturer helps us control it by giving us a small package.
“We know once we open a package, it’s very hard for us to stop. And those little packages serve as a stopping point.
“And I think that’s one of the ways from a behavioral perspective that marketers can think about how to position smaller packages as a good thing, as a service to the consumer, as an improvement and innovation in their product,” Zemack-Rugar said in the podcast.
Smaller can be better
No matter how devilish it sounds, calling shrinkflation fraud or misrepresentation of facts will be an overstatement since weight, volume or quantity is always labelled on the packaging. It’s not illegal- it’s just sneaky.
Plus, this practice helps producers and in turn retailers to cope up with intense competition and thereby retain their customers. It also helps the manufacturers to maintain their profit levels even after spike in input costs.
Over the years, shrinkflation has become an established trend in Britain and world wise as producers try to tackle rising input cost and keep the sales afloat- both for themselves as well as for retailers and convenience store-owners. May be, we all are better off with smaller packages!
The UK retail sector is bracing for a challenging but opportunity-filled 2025, according to Jacqui Baker, head of retail at RSM UK. While the industry grapples with rising costs and heightened crime, advancements in artificial intelligence and a revival of the high street offer potential pathways to growth, she said.
The latest Budget delivered a tough blow to the retail sector, exacerbating existing financial pressures. Retailers, who already shoulder a significant portion of business rates and rely heavily on a large workforce, face increased costs from rising employers’ National Insurance Contributions.
“Higher costs will also eat into available funds for future pay rises, benefits or pension contributions – hitting retailers’ cashflow in the short term and employees’ remuneration in the longer term,” Baker said.
“Retailers must get creative to manage their margins and attract footfall and spend, plus think outside the box to incentivise employees if they’re to hold onto talented staff.”
On the brighter side, falling inflation and lower interest rates could ease operational costs and restore consumer confidence, potentially driving retail spending upward.
High street resurgence
Consumers’ shopping habits are evolving, with a hybrid approach blending online and in-store purchases. According to RSM UK’s Consumer Outlook, 46 per cent of consumers prefer in-store shopping for weekly purchases, compared to 29 per cent for online, but the preference shifts to 47 per cent for online shopping for monthly buys and to 29 per cent for in-store. The most important in-store aspect for consumers was ease of finding products (59%), versus convenience (37%) for online.
“Tactile shopping experiences remain an integral part of the purchase journey for shoppers, so retailers need to prioritise convenience and the opportunity for discovery to bring consumers back to the high street,” Baker noted.
The government’s initiative to auction empty shops is expected to make brick-and-mortar stores more accessible to smaller, independent retailers, further boosting high street revival, she added.
A security guard stands in the doorway of a store in the Oxford Street retail area on December 13, 2024 in London, EnglandPhoto by Leon Neal/Getty Images
Meanwhile, retail crime, exacerbated by cost-of-living pressures, remains a significant concern, with shoplifting incidents reaching record highs. From organised social media-driven thefts to fraudulent delivery claims, the methods are becoming increasingly sophisticated.
“Crime has a knock-on effect on both margins and staff morale, so while the government is cracking down on retail crime, retailers also have a part to play by investing in data to prevent and detect theft,” Baker said.
“Data is extremely powerful in minimising losses and improving the overall operational efficiency of the business.”
AI as a game-changer
Artificial intelligence is emerging as a transformative force for the retail sector. From personalised product recommendations and inventory optimisation to immersive augmented reality experiences, AI is reshaping the shopping landscape.
“AI will undoubtedly become even more sophisticated over time, creating immersive and interactive experiences that bridge the gap between online and in-store. Emerging trends include hyper-personalisation throughout the entire shopping journey, autonomous stores and checkouts, and enhanced augmented reality experiences to “try” products before buying,” she said, adding that AI will be a “transformative investment” that determines the long-term viability of retail businesses.
The Amazon Fresh store in Ealing, LondonPhoto: Amazon
As financial pressures ease, sustainability is climbing up the consumer agenda. RSM’s Consumer Outlook found 46 per cent would pay more for products that are sustainably sourced, up from 28 per cent last year; while 44 per cent would pay more for products with environmentally friendly packaging, compared to 36 per cent last year.
“However, ESG concerns vary depending on age and income, holding greater importance among high earners and millennials. With financial pressures expected to continue easing next year, we anticipate a renewal of sustainability and environmentally conscious spending habits,” Baker noted.
“Retailers ought to tap into this by understanding the preferences of different demographics and most importantly, their target market.”
Southend-on-Sea City Council officials have secured food condemnation orders from Chelmsford Magistrates Court, resulting in the seizure and destruction of 1,100 unauthorised soft drinks.
The condemned drinks, including Mountain Dew, 7-UP, Mirinda, and G Fuel energy drinks, were found during routine inspections of food businesses across Southend by the council’s environmental health officers.
Council said these products contained either banned additives like Calcium Disodium EDTA or unauthorised novel ingredients such as Potassium Beta-hydroxybutyrate.
Calcium Disodium EDTA has been linked to potential reproductive and developmental effects and may contribute to colon cancer, according to some studies. Potassium Beta-hydroxybutyrate has not undergone safety assessments, making its inclusion in food products unlawful.
Independent analysis certified that the drinks failed to meet UK food safety standards. Magistrates ordered their destruction and ruled that the council's costs, expected to total close to £2,000, be recovered from the businesses involved.
“These products, clearly marketed towards children, contain banned or unauthorised ingredients. Southend-on-Sea City Council will always take action to protect the public, using enforcement powers to ensure unsafe products are removed from sale,” Cllr Kevin Robinson, cabinet member for regeneration, major projects, and regulatory services, said.
“As Christmas approaches, we hope this sends a strong message to businesses importing or selling such products: they risk significant costs and possible prosecution.”
The council urged residents to check labels when purchasing imported sweets and drinks, ensuring they include English-language details and a UK importer's address.
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A customer browses clothes inside Charity Super.Mkt at Brent Cross Shopping centre in north London on, December 17, 2024
Bursting with customers one afternoon the week before Christmas, a second-hand charity shop in London's Marylebone High Street looked even busier than the upscale retailers surrounding it.
One man grabbed two puzzle sets and a giant plush toy as a present for friends, another picked out a notebook for his wife.
“Since the end of September, we've seen a huge uplift in people coming to our shops and shopping pre-loved,” said Ollie Mead, who oversees the shop displays - currently glittering with Christmas decorations - for Oxfam charity stores around London.
At the chain of second-hand stores run by the British charity, shoppers can find used, or "pre-loved", toys, books, bric-a-brac and clothes for a fraction of the price of new items.
Popular for personal shopping, charity stores and online second-hand retailers are seeing an unlikely surge in interest for Christmas gifts, a time of year often criticised for promoting consumerism and generating waste.
A report last month by second-hand retail platform Vinted and consultants RetailEconomics found UK customers were set to spend £2 billion on second-hand Christmas gifts this year, around 10 per cent of the £20 billion Christmas gift market.
A woman browses some of the Christmas gift ideas in a store on December 13, 2024 in London, England. Photo by Leon Neal/Getty Images
In an Oxfam survey last year, 33 per cent were going to buy second-hand gifts for Christmas, up from 25 percent in 2021.
“This shift is evident on Vinted,” Adam Jay, Vinted's marketplace CEO, told AFP.
“We've observed an increase in UK members searching for 'gift' between October and December compared to the same period last year.”
According to Mead, who has gifted second-hand items for the last three Christmas seasons, sustainability concerns and cost-of-living pressures are “huge factors”.
Skimming the racks at the central London store, doctor Ed Burdett found a keychain and notebook for his wife.
“We're saving up at the moment, and she likes to give things another life. So it'll be the perfect thing for her,” Burdett, 50, told AFP.
“It's nice to spend less, and to know that it goes to a good place rather than to a high street shop.”
'Quirky, weird
Wayne Hemingway, designer and co-founder of Charity Super.Mkt, a brand which aims to put charity shops in empty shopping centres and high street spaces, has himself given second-hand Christmas gifts for “many, many years”.
“When I first started doing it, it was classed as quirky and weird,” he said, adding it was now going more “mainstream”.
Similarly, when he first started selling second-hand clothes over 40 years ago, “at Christmas your sales always nosedive(d) because everybody wanted new”.
Now, however, “we are seeing an increase at Christmas sales just like a new shop would”, Hemingway told AFP.
“Last weekend sales were crazy, the shop was mobbed,” he said, adding all his stores had seen a 20-percent higher than expected rise in sales in the weeks before Christmas.
“Things are changing for the better... It's gone from second-hand not being what you do at Christmas, to part of what you do.”
Young people are driving the trend by making more conscious fashion choices, and with a commitment to a “circular economy” and to “the idea of giving back (in) a society that is being more generous and fair,” he said.
At the store till, 56-year-old Jennifer Odibo was unconvinced.
Buying herself a striking orange jacket, she said she “loves vintage”.
But for most people, she confessed she would not get a used gift. “Christmas is special, it needs to be something they would cherish, something new,” said Odibo.
“For Christmas, I'll go and buy something nice, either at Selfridges or Fenwick,” she added, listing two iconic British department stores.
Hemingway conceded some shoppers “feel that people expect something new” at Christmas.
“We're on a journey. The world is on a journey, but it's got a long way to go,” he added.
According to Tetyana Solovey, a sociology researcher at the University of Manchester, “for some people, it could be a bit weird to celebrate it (Christmas) with reusing.”
“But it could be a shift in consciousness if we might be able to celebrate the new year by giving a second life to something,” Solovey told AFP.
“That could be a very sustainable approach to Christmas, which I think is quite wonderful.”
Lancashire Mind’s 11th Mental Elf fun run was its biggest and best yet – a sell-out event with more than 400 people running and walking in aid of the mental charity, plus dozens more volunteering to make the day a huge success.
The winter sun shone on Worden Park in Leyland as families gathered for either a 5K course, a 2K run, or a Challenge Yours’Elf distance which saw many people running 10K with the usual running gear replaced with jazzy elf leggings, tinsel and Christmas hats.
And now the pennies have been counted, Lancashire Mind has announced that the event raised a fantastic £17,000.
This amount of money allows Lancashire Mind to deliver, for example, its 10-week Bounce Forward resilience programme in eight schools, reaching more than 240 children with skills and strategies that they can carry with them throughout their lives, making them more likely to ‘bounce forward’ through tough times.
The event was headline sponsored by SPAR for a third year through its association with James Hall & Co. Ltd, SPAR UK’s primary retailer, wholesaler, and distributor for the North of England.
“On behalf of the entire team at Lancashire Mind, we want to extend a heartfelt thank you to the 400+ incredible participants who joined us for Mental Elf 2024!” said Organiser Nicola Tomkins, Community and Events Fundraiser at Lancashire Mind.
“Your support, energy and commitment to raising awareness for mental health makes all the difference. Together, we've taken another important step towards breaking the stigma around mental health and promoting wellbeing for all in our community. We couldn't have done it without you!”
Worden Hall became the hub of the event where people could enjoy music from the Worldwise Samba Drummers and BBC stars Jasmine and Gabriella T, plus lots of family friendly activities and a chance to meet Father Christmas. Pets also got in on the act in the best dressed dog competition.
Lancashire Mind CEO David Dunwell said: “It was heart-warming day, full of community spirit and festive cheer, but with a serious aim to raise funds for mental health.
“We are so grateful to everyone who bought a ticket and fundraised or donated to help us smash our target. The money raised goes directly to supporting Lancashire Mind’s life-changing mental health services. These funds help provide wellbeing coaching, support groups, and educational programmes to individuals and families in need of mental health support in our community.”
The concept of Mental Elf was created by Lancashire Mind and news of the event has spread right across the country in recent years, with around 40 other local Mind charities hosting a similar event in 2024.
Lancashire schools were also encouraged to host their own Mental Elf-themed event this year, whether that was a run, bake sale or dress up day, and raised more than £1,000 in total.
Philippa Harrington, Marketing Manager at James Hall & Co. Ltd, said: “There was a lovely festive feel in the air at Mental Elf and we were delighted to see even more individuals, families, and canine companions taking part in its new home of Worden Park.
“We are also very pleased to see the uptake that Mental Elf has had in schools, and congratulations go to the Lancashire Mind team for taking it to new participants and for raising a fantastic amount of money for an important cause.”
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A woman walks past a window display promoting an ongoing sale, on December 13, 2024 in London, England.
UK retail sales rose less than expected in the runup to Christmas, according to official data Friday that deals a fresh blow to government hopes of growing the economy.
Separate figures revealed a temporary reprieve for prime minister Keir Starmer, however, as public borrowing fell sharply in November.
The updates follow news this week of higher inflation in Britain - an outcome that caused the Bank of England on Thursday to leave interest rates unchanged.
Retail sales by volume grew 0.2 per cent in November after a drop of 0.7 per cent in October, the Office for National Statistics said Friday.
That was less than analysts' consensus for a 0.5-percent gain.
"It is critical delayed spending materialises this Christmas to mitigate the poor start to retail's all-important festive season," noted Nicholas Found, senior consultant at Retail Economics.
"However, cautiousness lingers, slowing momentum in the economy. Households continue to adjust to higher prices (and) elevated interest rates."
He added that consumers were focused on buying "carefully timed promotions and essentials, while deferring bigger purchases".
The ONS reported that supermarkets benefited from higher food sales.
"Clothing stores sales dipped sharply once again, as retailers reported tough trading conditions," said Hannah Finselbach, senior statistician at the ONS.
Retail sales rose 0.2% in November 2024, following a fall of 0.7% in October 2024.
Growth in supermarkets and other non-food stores was partly offset by a fall in clothing retailers.
The Labour government's net borrowing meanwhile dropped to £11.2 billion last month, the lowest November figure in three years on higher tax receipts and lower debt-interest, the ONS added.
The figure had been £18.2 billion in October.
"Borrowing remains subject to upside risks... due to sticky interest rates, driven by markets repricing for fewer cuts in 2025," forecast Elliott Jordan-Doak, senior UK economist at Pantheon Macroeconomics.
Jacqui Baker, head of retail at RSM UK and chair of ICAEW’s Retail Group, commented that the later than usual Black Friday weekend meant November’s retail sales figures saw only a slight uptick as cost-conscious consumers held off to bag a bargain.
“Despite many retailers launching Black Friday offers early, November trade got off to a slow start which dragged on for most of the month. This was driven by clothing which fell to its lowest level since January 2022. The only saving grace was half-term and Halloween spending helped to slightly offset disappointing sales throughout November,” Baker said.
“As consumer confidence continues to build and shoppers return to the high street, this should translate into more retail spending next year. However, there are big challenges coming down the track for the sector, so retailers will be banking on a consumer-led recovery to come to fruition so they can combat a surge in costs.”
Thomas Pugh, economist at RSM UK, added: “The tick up in retail sales volumes in November suggests that the stagnation which has gripped the UK economy since the summer continued into the final months of the year.
“While the recent strong pay growth numbers may make the Bank of England uncomfortable, it means that real incomes are growing at just under 3 per cent, which suggests consumer spending should gradually rise next year. However, consumers remain extremely cautious. The very sharp drop in clothing sales in particular could suggest that consumers are cutting back on non-essential purchases.
“We still expect a rise in consumer spending next year, due to strong wage growth and a gradual decline in the saving rate, to help drive an acceleration in GDP growth. But the risks are clearly building that cautious consumers choose to save rather than spend increases in income, raising the risk of weaker growth continuing through the first half of next year.”